Best Rolled Fondant Recipes

facebook share image   twitter share image   pinterest share image   E-Mail share image

ROLLED BUTTERCREAM FONDANT



Rolled Buttercream Fondant image

Great rolled fondant recipe for cakes or cookies. Tastes like buttercream frosting.

Provided by Kelley

Categories     Desserts     Frostings and Icings     Fondant Recipes

Time 10m

Yield 45

Number Of Ingredients 5

1 cup light corn syrup
1 cup shortening
½ teaspoon salt
1 teaspoon clear vanilla extract
2 pounds confectioners' sugar

Steps:

  • In a large bowl, stir together the shortening and corn syrup. Mix in the salt and vanilla flavoring, then gradually mix in the confectioners' sugar until it is a stiff dough. If you are using a stand mixer, use the dough hook attachment. Otherwise, knead by hand. If the dough is sticky, knead in more confectioners' sugar until it is smooth. Store in an airtight container at room temperature or in the refrigerator.
  • To use, roll out on a clean surface that has been dusted with confectioners' sugar until it is 1/8 inch thick or thinner if you can. Drape over frosted and chilled cakes and smooth the sides down, or cut into strips to make bows and other decorations.

Nutrition Facts : Calories 139.7 calories, Carbohydrate 25.7 g, Fat 4.6 g, SaturatedFat 1.1 g, Sodium 30.6 mg, Sugar 21.7 g

ROLLED FONDANT



Rolled Fondant image

Provided by Food Network

Categories     dessert

Time 9h

Yield icing for a 9-inch cake, 4 inc

Number Of Ingredients 7

2 pounds confectioner's sugar, sifted
1/4 cup cold water
1 tablespoon unflavored gelatin
1/2 cup glucose (found in cake decorating stores) or white corn syrup
1 1/2 tablespoons glycerine (found in cake decorating stores)
1 teaspoon desired flavoring (vanilla will give the fondant an off-white color)
Cornstarch

Steps:

  • In a large bowl (do not use metal), sift the sugar and make a well in the center. In a small saucepan, add the water and sprinkle the gelatin on top to soften for about 5 minutes. Begin to heat the gelatin and stir until the gelatin is dissolved and clear. Do not boil. Turn off the heat and add the glucose and glycerine, stirring until well blended. Add the flavoring. Pour into the well of sugar, and mix until all of the sugar is blended. Use hands to knead icing until it becomes stiff. Add small amounts of confectioner's sugar if the mixture is sticky.
  • Form the mixture into a ball and wrap tightly in plastic wrap. Place in an airtight container. This icing works best if allowed to rest at room temperature for about eight hours before using, particularly if the weather is humid. Do not refrigerate.
  • To cover a cake with fondant: Dust a clean pastry cloth, or a smooth, clean surface, with cornstarch and roll the fondant with a rolling pin until it is approximately 1/4 inch thick. Make sure that the fondant is large enough to fit over the top and sides of the cake. Slide both hands under the fondant and carefully center it on top of a cake that has been freshly iced with buttercream. (The icing makes the fondant adhere to the cake.)
  • Dust your hands with cornstarch and smooth the fondant, starting at the top and working down the sides until the entire surface is even and flat. Cut off the excess icing around the bottom of the cake with a pizza cutter or sharp knife. Decorate the cake with buttercream or royal icing. This fondant keeps a cake fresh for two days at room temperature. Do not refrigerate a cake with fondant icing.

HOME MADE ROLLED FONDANT



Home Made Rolled Fondant image

Homemade fondant without the added expensive ingredients like glucose or glycerin. Works great for cake designs of all sorts such as modeling figures, covering cakes, decorating, etc. Add your choice of food coloring.

Provided by Kendra

Categories     Desserts     Frostings and Icings     White

Time 30m

Yield 30

Number Of Ingredients 6

1 cup light corn syrup
1 cup vegetable shortening
½ teaspoon salt
1 teaspoon clear vanilla extract
1 tablespoon cornstarch, or as needed
1 (32 ounce) package confectioners' sugar, or as needed

Steps:

  • Mix corn syrup, vegetable shortening, and salt in a large bowl. Beat in clear vanilla extract and cornstarch. Slowly stir in confectioners' sugar, about 1 cup at a time, mixing in the sugar thoroughly each time before adding the next cup. Fondant will become increasingly stiff; if too sticky, add more cornstarch and confectioners' sugar to make an easily-workable dough.
  • Turn fondant onto a work surface generously dusted with cornstarch; roll to desired thickness.

Nutrition Facts : Calories 210.4 calories, Carbohydrate 38.8 g, Fat 6.9 g, SaturatedFat 1.7 g, Sodium 45.9 mg, Sugar 32.6 g

ROLLED BUTTERCREAM FONDANT



Rolled Buttercream Fondant image

Great rolled fondant recipe for cakes or cookies. Tastes like buttercream frosting.Update: This is the first time using this recipe it is very easy to use. I got great results.

Provided by shawnajean

Categories     Dessert

Time 20m

Yield 45 serving(s)

Number Of Ingredients 5

1 cup light corn syrup
1 cup shortening
1/2 teaspoon salt
1 teaspoon vanilla extract, clear
2 lbs confectioners' sugar

Steps:

  • In a large bowl, stir together the shortening and corn syrup. Mix in the salt and vanilla flavoring, then gradually mix in the confectioners' sugar until it is a stiff dough. If you are using a stand mixer, use the dough hook attachment. Otherwise, knead by hand. If the dough is sticky, knead in more confectioners' sugar until it is smooth. Store in an airtight container at room temperature or in the refrigerator.
  • To use, roll out on a clean surface that has been dusted with confectioners' sugar until it is 1/8 inch thick or thinner if you can. Drape over frosted and chilled cakes and smooth the sides down, or cut into strips to make bows and other decorations.

Nutrition Facts : Calories 140.4, Fat 4.6, SaturatedFat 1.1, Sodium 30.8, Carbohydrate 25.9, Sugar 21.8

CHOCOLATE ROLLED FONDANT



Chocolate Rolled Fondant image

I found this Recipe on "From Karen's Kitchen." http://fromkarenskitchen.com/ Per her Website "Rolled Fondant is an icing substance that is rolled out and used as a covering for cake, which traditionally is first covered with a layer of marzipan or a thin layer of buttercream icing or apricot glaze to seal in flavor and the moisture of the cake. Cakes covered with rolled fondant can be decorated with royal or buttercream icing."

Provided by Alex Chapman

Categories     Candy

Time 20m

Yield 1 10" x 4" Cake

Number Of Ingredients 9

2 lbs sifted confectioners' sugar (powdered)
1/4 cup cold water
1 tablespoon unflavored gelatin
1/4 cup liquid glucose or 1/4 cup white corn syrup
1 1/2 tablespoons glycerine
2 tablespoons vegetable shortening (optional)
4 ounces unsweetened chocolate, melted or
1/2 cup cocoa
1 teaspoon almond extract, paste or 1 teaspoon liquid, coloring if desired

Steps:

  • Place sifted confectioners' sugar into a large bowl and make a well in the center.
  • Pour the water into small saucepan and sprinkle the gelatin on top to soften for about 5 minutes.
  • Gently heat the gelatin and stir until it is dissolved and clear. Do not boil.
  • Remove from the heat and add the glucose or syrup, glycerine and shortening, stirring until well blended.
  • Pour the mixture into the well of sugar and mix until most of the sugar is blended.
  • Knead with your hands until all of the sugar is combined and the mixture becomes stiff.
  • Knead in melted chocolate. If the mixture is very sticky, add small amounts of confectioners' sugar.
  • Shape the mixture into a ball, wrap it tightly in plastic wrap, and let it rest at room temperature overnight in an airtight container.
  • To make a chocolate brown colored fondant without the chocolate taste, knead in brown icing color with a small amount of red icing color to white fondant.

ROLLED MARSHMALLOW FONDANT



Rolled Marshmallow Fondant image

Make and share this Rolled Marshmallow Fondant recipe from Food.com.

Provided by TFPowers

Categories     Dessert

Time 10m

Yield 2 10 inch round cakes

Number Of Ingredients 4

16 ounces mini marshmallows
2 -5 tablespoons water
2 lbs of 10x powdered sugar
Crisco

Steps:

  • Melt marshmallows and 2 tbs. of water in microwave or double boiler. (Microwave in 30 second increments, stirring in between until the marshmallow is melted. Usually a total of 1 minute.).
  • Mix ¾ of the powder sugar with the melted marshmallow.
  • Grease your hands with Crisco and knead the mixture, gradually adding the remaining sugar for at least 8 minutes.
  • You can add food coloring at this point. Working it in the mixture.
  • You may refrigerate, double wrapped in plastic for weeks if you want, when ready to use just reheat in microwave for about 10-20 seconds. DO NOT FREEZE Fondant.
  • Your cake must be completely cooled, add a thick coating of icing to the cake. (gives a smooth finsh and helps fondand to adhere to the cake. Figure what size you need to cover your cake. (9 inch cake with 3 inch sides 3+9+3=15 plus 1 for extra so you need a 16 inch circle cut.).
  • Do not store cake in refrigerator once the fondant is placed on cake. Moisture will destroy the surface. Store in a sealed container.

ROLLED FONDANT



Rolled Fondant image

This recipe taste a hundred times better then the boxes you get in the store. I use this all the time when I am making a wedding cake. But if your wanting rich colors, you may need to change the recipe a bit. It tends to crumble after adding to much food colouring.

Provided by Luscious Creations

Categories     Dessert

Time 30m

Yield 10-15 serving(s)

Number Of Ingredients 7

1/4 ounce unflavored gelatin
1/4 cup cold water
1/2 cup corn syrup
1 tablespoon glycerine
2 tablespoons shortening
1 teaspoon vanilla extract (or your flavour of choice)
6 cups confectioners' sugar, sifted

Steps:

  • Combine gelatine and cold water; let stand until thick. Warm gelatine mixture and heat until dissolved(Do Not Boil).
  • Add corn syrup and glycerine, mix well. Stir in shortening and just before completely melted, remove from heat and stir in vanilla. Mixture should cool until lukewarm.
  • Place 4 cups confectioners' sugar in large bowl. Make a well in the center and using a wooden spoon, stir in the lukewarm gelatine mixture. Mix in the sugar and add more a little at a time, until stickiness disappears.
  • Switching to your hands, knead in remaining sugar making sure to keep a lot of icing sugar between your hands and the fondant to prevent the fondant from sticking to your hands. Knead until the fondant is smooth, pliable and does not stick to your hands. If fondant is to soft, add more sugar; to stiff, add water(a drop at a time).
  • Wrap fondant tightly in plastic wrap and store in a n air tight container. Allow the fondant to set for at least 12 hours before using it.
  • When ready to use dust the table with cornstarch and dust rolling pin as well. Roll out fondant as desired and cover cake. Will cover a 12 inch cake.

Nutrition Facts : Calories 349.8, Fat 2.6, SaturatedFat 0.6, Sodium 3.3, Carbohydrate 83.7, Sugar 74.6, Protein 0.6

ROLLED FONDANT



Rolled fondant image

Make and share this Rolled fondant recipe from Food.com.

Provided by lemoncurd

Categories     Dessert

Time 30m

Yield 1 12inch cake

Number Of Ingredients 7

1 tablespoon gelatin
1/4 cup cold water (replace 2 tablespoons water with vanilla, rosewater, orange flower water or freshly squeezed lemon j)
1/2 cup liquid glucose or 9 tablespoons light corn syrup
1 tablespoon glycerin
2 tablespoons vegetable shortening
8 cups sifted confectioners' sugar
2 -3 drops liquid food coloring, if desired (optional)

Steps:

  • Sprinkle gelatin over the water in a 2-cup heatproof glass measure and let stand for 5 minutes.
  • Set into a small pan of simmering water and stir until the gelatin is dissolved.
  • (This can be done in a microwave on high for a few seconds).
  • Blend in the glucose and glycerin, then add the shortening and stir until melted.
  • Remove from heat.
  • Place the sugar in a bowl and make a well in the center.
  • Add the gelatin mixture and stir with a lightly greased wooden spoon until blended.
  • Mix lightly with greased hand and knead vigorously in the bowl until most of the sugar is incorporated.
  • Turn onto a smooth, lightly greased surface such as Formica or marble and knead until smooth and satiny.
  • If the Fondant seems dry, add several drops of water and knead well.
  • If it seems too sticky, knead in more powdered sugar.
  • The Fondant will resemble a smooth, well-shaped stone.
  • When dropped, it should spread very slightly but retain its shape.
  • It should be malleable like clay, soft but not sticky.
  • Rolled Fondant may be used at once but seems to work more easily when allowed to rest for several hours.
  • It is important to keep Fondant covered to prevent it from drying.
  • Wrap tightly in plastic wrap and place in an airtight container.
  • It will firm slightly upon standing.
  • When ready to roll out, spray the work surface and rolling pin with nonstick vegetable spray.

Nutrition Facts : Calories 3984.2, Fat 26.6, SaturatedFat 7.6, Sodium 24.5, Carbohydrate 956.2, Sugar 939.9, Protein 6

ROLLED FONDANT FROM SCRATCH



Rolled Fondant from Scratch image

You will love this recipe. It is time consuming with lots of ingredients, but the end result is fabulous. I make large batches of it, wrap tightly and store in my pantry (don't refrigerate.) It took me hundreds of batches to get the consistency just right so follow the recipe exactly. My favorite is to flavor with orange or lemon extract. The taste is really good.

Provided by itscolleen

Categories     Dessert

Time 25m

Yield 2 10, 20 serving(s)

Number Of Ingredients 11

1 cup white sugar
1/3 cup water
1 pinch cream of tartar
1 pinch salt
1/2 cup ice cold water (replace 2 tablespoons with pure extract flavoring)
2 tablespoons unflavored gelatin (2 small packets)
2 tablespoons glycerin (available at local drug store in first aid dept)
4 tablespoons vegetable shortening
16 cups powdered sugar (2 bags)
food coloring, of choice
2 tablespoons gum paste

Steps:

  • Combine first 4 ingredients in a medium saucepan, over medium heat stir constantly until it reaches a rapid boil.
  • Reduce heat, cover and simmer for 5 minutes.
  • Remove from heat and uncover to let it cool.
  • Large batches of this can be made and kept at room temperature for 2-3 months and used as a white corn syrup.
  • Measure out ICE COLD water, sprinkle gelatin packs over the water - DO NOT STIR, place in refrigerator for 5 minutes until all of the gelatin has set.
  • Set up a shallow pan of boiling water.
  • Set your gelatin mixture dish into the boiling water (creates a double boiler) stir until the gelatin in dissolved.
  • Blend in glycerin, gum paste, and shortening until melted.
  • Remove from heat.
  • Combine the gelatin mixture with the corn syrup mixture.
  • Place the powdered sugar into a large mixing bowl and make a well in the center.
  • Add the liquid mixture.
  • Use a WELL GREASED WOODEN spoon to mix.
  • Get plastic zip lock bags ready, spread out some wax paper or lightly grease a marble or Formica surface to kneed on.
  • Remove all jewelry, GREASE your hands really good.
  • Kneed vigorously in the bowl until all of the sugar is blended.
  • Turn out on kneading surface and work the dough until it resembles a smooth, slightly shinny, well-shaped stone. When dropped it should spread out slightly but still retain it's shape. It should not crumble or crack. It should not be gooey or sticky anymore.
  • If it is too sticky, add more powdered sugar.
  • If it is too dry add a few drops of water.
  • Divide into sections, create balls and put into plastic wrap to keep from drying out.
  • Take out one section at a time, add food coloring (I use concentrated icing drops) and blend into the dough. Cover tightly and start working on next color. repeat as necessary.
  • Now, to use the fondant - roll out to about 1/4 inch thick then mold, cut, shape - what ever you like.
  • Use a layer of buttercream on cake, slightly crusted, then drape fondant and cut away the excess. Greased hands work wonderful to smooth the fondant out.
  • Fondant seals in the moisture of a cake. Once it is refrigerated it is no longer flexible and easy to work with.

Nutrition Facts : Calories 437.1, Fat 2.7, SaturatedFat 0.8, Sodium 10.3, Carbohydrate 105.6, Sugar 104, Protein 0.6

ROLLED BUTTERCREAM FONDANT



ROLLED BUTTERCREAM FONDANT image

Categories     Chocolate

Yield 3 Lbs

Number Of Ingredients 5

1 cup light corn syrup
1 cup shortening
1/2 teaspoon salt
1 teaspoon clear vanilla extract
2 pounds confectioners' sugar

Steps:

  • In a large bowl, stir together the shortening and corn syrup. Mix in the salt and vanilla flavoring, then gradually mix in the confectioners' sugar until it is a stiff dough. If you are using a stand mixer, use the dough hook attachment. Otherwise, knead by hand. If the dough is sticky, knead in more confectioners' sugar until it is smooth. Store in an airtight container at room temperature or in the refrigerator. To use, roll out on a clean surface that has been dusted with confectioners' sugar until it is 1/8 inch thick or thinner if you can. Drape over frosted and chilled cakes and smooth the sides down, or cut into strips to make bows and other decorations. Nutritional Information Amount Per Serving Calories: 140 | Total Fat: 4.6g | Cholesterol: 0mg Powered by ESHA Nutrient Database

ROLLED FONDANT



Rolled Fondant image

Makes a perfectly smooth coating for cakes. Roll it out to 1/4 inch thickness for best results. Glucose and glycerin can be found at most cake decorating supply stores. You may color it with three drops of whatever food coloring you desire.

Provided by Marlene

Categories     Desserts     Frostings and Icings     Fondant Recipes

Time 35m

Yield 16

Number Of Ingredients 7

1 (.25 ounce) package unflavored gelatin
¼ cup cold water
½ cup glucose syrup
1 tablespoon glycerin
2 tablespoons shortening
1 teaspoon vanilla extract
8 cups sifted confectioners' sugar

Steps:

  • Combine gelatin and cold water; let stand until thick. Place gelatin mixture in top of double boiler and heat until dissolved.
  • Add glucose and glycerin, mix well. Stir in shortening and just before completely melted, remove from heat and stir in vanilla. Mixture should cool until lukewarm.
  • Place 4 cups confectioners' sugar in a large bowl. Make a well in the center and using a wooden spoon, stir in the lukewarm gelatin mixture. Mix in sugar and add more a little at a time, until stickiness disappears. Knead in remaining sugar. Knead until the fondant is smooth, pliable and does not stick to your hands. If fondant is too soft, add more sugar; if too stiff, add water (a drop at a time). Use fondant immediately or store in airtight container in fridge. When ready to use, bring to room temperature and knead again until soft.

Nutrition Facts : Calories 292.9 calories, Carbohydrate 69.8 g, Fat 1.7 g, Protein 0.4 g, SaturatedFat 0.4 g, Sodium 1.7 mg, Sugar 61.4 g

EASY MIXER FONDANT (ROLLED)



Easy Mixer Fondant (Rolled) image

Though I love the taste of marshmallow fondant, I've learned it's not great to use in the summer or in high humidity (it melts!). This fondant is super easy to make, tastes good, and comes out super smooth. AND it can be made in the mixer! Glycerin can be found at your local craft store or online. Also, any extract can be used in place of the vanilla. Just remember to use clear extract if you want pure white fondant! This recipe makes enough fondant for a two tier cake plus some small decorations.

Provided by charps

Categories     Candy

Time P1DT30m

Yield 2 tiers, 1 serving(s)

Number Of Ingredients 7

1 1/4 ounces unflavored gelatin
1/4 cup cold water
1/2 cup light corn syrup
1 tablespoon glycerin
1 tablespoon vanilla extract (clear)
2 lbs powdered sugar
food coloring (optional)

Steps:

  • Place the cold water in a small microwave-safe bowl and sprinkle the gelatin on top, stirring it to distribute it. Let the gelatin set and soften for two minutes. Once set, microwave the gelatin for 15 seconds until it liquefies. Do not boil!
  • Stir the corn syrup, glycerin, and vanilla extract into the gelatin. Microwave for an additional 15 seconds, then stir again until the mixture is smooth and clear.
  • Add optional food color, and stir.
  • Place 1.5 pounds of the powdered sugar in the bowl of a large stand mixer fitted with the paddle attachment and make a well in the center. Pour the melted gelatin mixture over the corn syrup into the well.
  • Mix on low speed until the liquid is incorporated. With the mixer running, gradually add the rest of the powdered sugar. Use a paper plate or flexible cutting mat to make this easier. Scrape down the sides and bottom of bowl to ensure all is incorporated.
  • Fondant will be very sticky and thick. Don't worry this is normal! Tightly double wrap it in cling-wrap and let it sit at room temperature for 24 hours.
  • After 24 hours roll out and apply to cake.
  • Note: I use a mixture of corn starch and powdered sugar in a sifter when I roll out the fondant. Put some of the mix on your surface and rolling pin before rolling. Use the sifter to occasionally add more to the rolling pin and rolling surface. Also, turn the fondant 1/2 to 1/4 turn after a few rolls. This will keep you from having sticking problems later.

Nutrition Facts : Calories 4166.1, Fat 0.4, Sodium 195.4, Carbohydrate 1037.7, Sugar 934.6, Protein 30

ROLLED FONDANT



Rolled Fondant image

This is a great tasting fondant that is very easy and cheap to make. It is much more cost effective than buying Wilton fondant and it tastes great too. I got this recipe from cakecentral.com. You can flavor this to taste like whatever you want, if using extracts use 1tsp of flavoring; if using candy flavorings (which are VERY concentrated) use no more than 4 drops of flavoring. Glycerin can be found in the cake decorating isle at your local craft store. If you do not have a container of gelatin you can purchase a box and use a single packet of gelatin.

Provided by nicolesirotek400

Categories     Dessert

Time 15m

Yield 2 lbs

Number Of Ingredients 8

1 tablespoon gelatin
1/4 cup cold water
1/2 cup light corn syrup, and
1 tablespoon light corn syrup
1 tablespoon glycerin
2 tablespoons shortening
1 teaspoon of flavored extract
1 (2 lb) bag c&h powdered sugar

Steps:

  • Pour water into a microwave safe bowl.
  • Add gelatin and let sit for 5 minutes.
  • Microwave for 20 second intervals until gelatin is dissolved.
  • Add corn syrup and stir with fork.
  • Add shortening and stir until melted.
  • If shortening doesn't melt, microwave for 10 second intervals.
  • Add flavoring(s).
  • Pour your powdered sugar into a large bowl, making a well in the center.
  • Add liquid mixture to powdered sugar.
  • Using a greased wooden spoon carefully fold powdered sugar.
  • Turn out fondant on to a greased surface and knead like bread dough.
  • If fondant is dry add more shortening.
  • If fondant is too sticky add more powdered sugar 1 tbsp at a time.
  • Wrap tightly in plastic wrap and thin place in a zip lock bag; even better if you can vacuum seal it.
  • Let sit for 24 hours; if you don't it will be too soft and sticky.

Nutrition Facts : Calories 2167.8, Fat 13.4, SaturatedFat 3.3, Sodium 71.8, Carbohydrate 526, Sugar 470.1, Protein 3

ROLLED MARSHMALLOW FONDANT RECIPE



Rolled Marshmallow Fondant Recipe image

Provided by á-4202

Number Of Ingredients 5

16 oz mini marshmallows
2 - 5 TBS water
2 lbs sifted powdered sugar
1/2 cup solid vegetable shortening
To color fondant: If you need to tint the entire batch, add a little icing color to the melted marshmallow mixture before adding to the powdered sugar. For small amounts of tinted fondant, add icing color to portions of fondant as needed.

Steps:

  • 1) Place marshmallows and 2 TBS of water in a microwave safe bowl. Microwave 30 secs on high; stir until mixed well. Continue microwaving 30 secs more; stir again. Continue until melted. 2) Place 1/2 of the powdered sugar in the bottom of a bowl. Place melted marshmallow mixture on top of powdered sugar. Fold sugar until combined. Flavoring can be added at this point if desired. Add enough powdered sugar in to gather it into a dough. 3) Grease hands and work surface generously with shortening. Turn mixture out on to greased surface and knead like you would dough adding additional powdered sugar and re-greasing hands and surface so the fondant doesn't stick. If the fondant is tearing easily, it is too dry; add water (about 1/2 TBS at a time) kneading until fondant forms a firm, smooth elastic ball that will stretch without tearing, about 8 mins. 4)Coat with a thin layer of shortening and then double wrap the fondant and place in the refrigerator overnight. Fondant will keep well in the refrigerator for several weeks. 5) When not working with the fondant, keep it covered with plastic wrap to prevent it from drying out. When ready to use, knead fondant until smooth. Roll out 1/8 inch thick.

Are you curently on diet or you just want to control your food's nutritions, ingredients? We will help you find recipes by cooking method, nutrition, ingredients...
Check it out »

    #30-minutes-or-less     #time-to-make     #course     #preparation     #desserts     #cakes     #dietary     #cake-fillings-and-frostings     #number-of-servings

Related Topics